Developed under UNODC’s Education for Justice (E4J) initiative, a component of the Global Programme for the Implementation of the Doha Declaration, this Module forms part of the E4J University Module Series on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice and is accompanied by a Teaching Guide.  All E4J university modules provide suggestions for in-class exercises, student assessments, slides, and other teaching tools that lecturers can adapt to their contexts, and integrate into existing university courses and programmes. The Module provides an outline for a three-hour class, but can be used for shorter or longer sessions.

This Module introduces the gender dimensions of Trafficking in Persons (TIP) and Smuggling of Migrants (SOM). TIP and SOM are two types of crimes. TIP is first and foremost a serious crime against persons and severe violation of human rights. SOM is primarily a crime against state sovereignty, yet human rights can be violated as part of SOM, especially in case of SOM with aggravating circumstances. These crimes are strongly connected with broader socio-economic and political issues that need to be considered (e.g. migration, global inequalities, unequal access to decent work opportunities, restrictive migration policies). Gender – and gender equality – is a key dimension. Considering gender is crucial, not only to guarantee that women and girls’ realities are accounted for and included but also for a better understanding of how gendered inequalities and discrimination are related to TIP and SOM.