In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework to ensure that gender issues are included in the analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation of post-conflict reconstruction work. The normative foundation of this paper is rights-based, identifying three interrelated kinds of rights which must be guaranteed to women in the post-conflict period: the right to participate meaningfully in policy making and resource allocation; the right to benefit equally from public and private resources and services; and the right to build a gender-equitable society for lasting peace and prosperity. The paper is divided into three corresponding sections. Dimension 1 discusses women-focused activities; Dimension 2 promotes gender-aware programming; and Dimension 3 proposes ways for societies to transform gender roles. Within these dimensions, we argue that women are assets for successful reconstruction, and that failure to recognise and address gender-related impediments may undermine efforts, while purposeful efforts to strengthen gender equality may strengthen results. Thus all three complementary dimensions assert that successful post-conflict reconstruction depends on women’s rights and gender equality.