Based on case studies of two countries that recently emerged from armed internal conflict − Burundi and Nepal  −  this report examines one fundamental aspect of Resolution 1325: the provisions to increase women’s participation in post‐conflict decision‐making. While Burundi and Nepal display many differences, the two countries present interesting similarities in terms of achievements and challenges in relation to involving women in decision‐making following the end of armed conflict. For example, women in both countries have traditionally been barred from access to public and political life, and during the Burundian and Nepali peace processes no woman took part in the formal negotiations in either country.