Masculinities and Preventing Violent Extremism: Making the Connections seeks to shed light on the question, “What do masculinities have to do with violent extremism?” The report finds that by taking a multi-layered ecological approach and understanding the motivations for violent extremists, there is potential to shift the narrative around violent extremism, to include a gendered understanding of why some men engage. This report is the product of a desk review of key academic and practitioner publications which took place between October 2018 and May 2019 with additional reviews in late 2019 and early 2020, as well as through interviews with practitioners and researchers. This report was produced in partnership with Vital Voices as part of Voices Against Violence: The Gender-Based Violence Global Initiative.