This study has been launched in order to address the issues surrounding the implementation of these commitments. It contains an analysis of the 27 National Action Plans on the implementation of UNSCR 1325 in the OSCE region. The aim of the study is to provide tangible tools for action for the revision or development of such plans. It highlights common challenges and shares good practices from the OSCE region. The examples presented in the document aspire also to offer entry points for closer co-operation with civil society on implementing the Women, Peace and Security agenda, e.g. through cross learning exercises with practitioners. It further draws attention to both domestic and international elements of National Action Plans and underlines the relevance of creating and maintaining national capacity on UNSCR 1325 at home and abroad. Moreover, this study includes a short introduction to the seven resolutions that make up the Women, Peace and Security agenda, which helps the reader to understand why ensuring higher female participation as well as gender mainstreaming is crucial in everyday political and military operations as well as in conflict or post-conflict situations. The study further presents a short overview over OSCE’s activities in the field of Women, Peace and Security, in particular in the development of National Action Plans. As such, this document aims at providing guidance to OSCE participating States that are in the process of developing or renewing their National Action Plans. It takes into account all key actors, including civil society partners, whose contributions to the creation and implementation of these plans tend to be overlooked or underestimated.