This report provides an overview of the forms and functions of mass sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) that has occurred in Burma since 1998. Documented by civil society organizations, non-governmental organizations, and UN agencies for over two decades, substantial evidence has accumulated to suggest that sexual and gender-based violence is an instrumental tactic employed by the Burmese armed forces against ethnic minority populations in an effort to quell uprisings, dissuade civilians from supporting ethnic armed groups, and to generally subjugate targeted populations, whether for the purpose of religious persecution, ethnic cleansing, or to punish and humiliate the wider ethnic group.