As set down in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights conventions, the opportunity to receive a meaningful education is a fundamental human right for all children, youth and adults. But the world is systematically failing to address extreme and persistent education disadvantages that leave large sections of society marginalized. Some 72 million children were out of school in 2007 (54% of them girls) and about 759 million adults (two-thirds of them women) lacked basic literacy skills. Global challenges, notably the recent financial and economic crises, puts education at risk and disproportionally impacts the poor, with serious implications for marginalized populations. Education for All (EFA) cannot be achieved without overcoming marginalization. Fair and inclusive education is one of the most powerful levers available for offsetting social disadvantage, creating a virtuous circle of opportunity, and making societies more equitable, innovative and democratic.