As the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Strategic Plan (2018–2021) lays out a commitment to strengthening sustainable development pathways and building resilience in developing countries, the UNDP is currently supporting a number of countries to implement a large portfolio of climate change adaptation (and mitigation) projects. This toolkit focuses on climate change adaptation as it is developed under the NAP-Ag programme, which is an adaptation planning project. Adaptation is a key pillar in response to climate change as it is necessary to address the various impacts of climate change that are already unavoidable due to past emissions. More so, adaptation is the main priority for many developing countries because of the expected adverse impact of climate change on national development, sustainability and security. As adaptation options exist in all sectors, but with different sectors and regions having differing contexts for implementation and potential to reduce climate-related risks, the subsequent section deals with the focus sector of this toolkit – agriculture.